Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Article Title: Primary Cilium in Neural Crest Cells Crucial for Anterior Segment Development and Corneal Avascularity
doi: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.30
Figure Lengend Snippet: Loss of primary cilia by Ift46 deficiency in NCCs induces the decrease of Shh signal activity, the increase of cell proliferation, and the persistent expression of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in the corneal mesenchyme. ( A ) Decrease of Shh signal activity in the periocular mesenchyme (POM) of NC- Ift46 F/F ;Gli1 lacZ/+ mice. Shh activity was assessed by Gli1-LacZ expression in the POM of Ift46 F/F ;Gli1 lacZ/+ and NC- Ift46 F/F ;Gli1 lacZ/+ mice at E12.5 and E13.5. Ift46 F/F ;Gli1 lacZ/+ mice displayed Gli1-LacZ expression in the POM, whereas NC- Ift46 F/F ;Gli1 lacZ/+ mice exhibited a significant reduction in Gli1-LacZ expression in the POM, indicating a decrease in Shh signal activity. ( B ) Persistent expression of ocular NCC markers Foxc1 and Foxc2 in the corneal mesenchyme of NC- Ift46 F/F mice at E12.5 and E13.5. The corneas from Ift46 F/F and NC- Ift46 F/F mice were stained with Foxc1, Foxc2, and Pitx2 antibodies. At E12.5, both Ift46 F/F and NC- Ift46 F/F mice displayed Foxc1 and Foxc2 expression in the POM and corneal mesenchyme. By E13.5, expression was restricted to the POM in Ift46 F/F mice, whereas in NC- Ift46 F/F mice, Foxc1 and Foxc2 were ectopically expressed in increased amounts in the corneal mesenchyme. Pitx2 expression remained consistent in both the periocular and corneal mesenchyme. ( C ) Hyperproliferation in the corneal stroma in NC- Ift46 F/F mice. Cell proliferation in the corneal stroma of Ift46 F/F and NC- Ift46 F/F mice at E13.5, E15.5 and E17.5 was examined using Cyclin D1 staining. Persistent cell proliferation was observed in the corneal stroma of NC- Ift46 F/F mice throughout ocular development. ( D ) Quantification of cell proliferation in the corneal stroma of Ift46 F/F and NC- Ift46 F/F mice at E13.5 and E15.5 through Cyclin D1 staining. cm, corneal mesenchyme; pom, periocular mesenchyme. *** P < 0.001, Student's t -test. Scale bars : 100 µm.
Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used included mouse anti-N-cadherin (clone 13A9, 1:100; Upstate Biotechnology, Charlottesville, VA, USA), mouse anti-α smooth muscle actin FITC conjugated (1:500; Sigma-Aldrich Corp.), goat anti-mouse LYVE1 (1:100; R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), PE-conjugated anti-mouse CD31 (PECAM-1, 1:200; BD Pharmingen), rabbit anti-Cyclin D1 (1:100; Abcam), rabbit anti-FOXC1 (1:100; Abcam), sheep anti-mouse FoxC2 (1:100; R&D systems), sheep anti-hPITX2 (1:100; R&D systems), rabbit anti-PAX6 (1:100; Abcam), mouse anti-cytokeratin 14 (1:100, Abcam), and rabbit anti-ARL13B (1:100; Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA).
Techniques: Activity Assay, Expressing, Staining